The use of technology has made our lives simpler in many ways, including the ability to download mobile apps with just a few clicks. However, with the increasing number of online fraud incidents and malicious software, it is crucial to protect users from downloading unsafe applications. Code Signing certificates play a significant role in ensuring the security and reliability of software.
Certum EV Code Signing certificates offer a high level of security assurance for software code. They use an external hardware token to secure the private key, which prevents unauthorized access. The certificates undergo a rigorous vetting process and are trusted by Microsoft SmartScreen.
Signing software with EV Code Signing certificates provides several benefits, including protection against malware downloads and phishing software, compatibility across platforms, and affordability. The private key is physically mailed to the entity, ensuring its security.
On the other hand, regular code signing certificates do not use hardware tokens and are issued more quickly than EV certificates. The private key is not as securely stored, making it more accessible to a larger number of people. Regular code signing certificates are better for software that has already been launched and for geographically dispersed developers.
In 2023, there will be a change in the requirements for code signing certificates. New and reissued publicly trusted organization validation (OV) and individual validation (IV) code signing certificates will have to be issued or stored on preconfigured secure hardware, such as hardware tokens, meeting specific security standards.
While hardware tokens provide a high level of security, they can pose challenges in automated build environments and virtual machine setups. USB tokens, network-attached hardware security modules (HSMs), and cloud HSMs are the three main types of hardware devices used for code signing.
USB tokens are the most common option and are typically included in the price of the certificate. However, they require physical presence during code signing and can be susceptible to loss or theft. Network-attached HSMs provide additional benefits and functionality but come at a higher cost. Cloud HSMs are a service offered by providers like Azure, AWS, and Google, but they also incur additional fees.
While hardware tokens offer increased security and meet compliance requirements, they can be inconvenient and may prevent easy sharing or transfer of certificates. Once a certificate is installed on a hardware device, its private key cannot be exported, making it difficult to migrate to a different solution.
Overall, the use of hardware tokens for EV Code Signing offers enhanced security but comes with some logistical challenges. Organizations need to weigh the benefits and drawbacks to determine the best approach for their code signing needs.
Key Takeaways:
- Evaluate whether to use Certum EV Code Signing in the Cloud or with hardware tokens based on the specific security needs of your organization.
- Certum EV Code Signing offers a high level of security assurance and compatibility across platforms.
- Regular code signing certificates are faster to issue but provide less secure storage of private keys.
- Hardware tokens provide increased security but can be inconvenient and limit certificate sharing or transfer.
- Consider alternative options or workarounds for organizations that prefer not to use hardware tokens.
Understanding Code Signing Certificates
There are two types of Code Signing certificates: Organization Validated Code Signing Certificate (Regular Code Signing) and Extended Validated (EV) Code Signing Certificate. These certificates play a crucial role in securing software codes and ensuring the authenticity and integrity of the software.
Code signing certificates are essential for developers and organizations looking to protect users from downloading unsafe software and prevent fraudulent activities. By digitally signing software codes, these certificates provide an assurance that the code has not been tampered with and comes from a trusted source.
Regular Code Signing certificates, also known as Organization Validated (OV) certificates, are issued more quickly and do not require a separate hardware token. This makes them more accessible for developers and organizations. However, they undergo a validation process to confirm the identity and legitimacy of the code signer.
On the other hand, EV Code Signing certificates offer an enhanced level of security. They undergo a rigorous vetting process to ensure the identity and legitimacy of the code signer. EV certificates come with hardware tokens, which are physical devices that securely store the private key required for code signing. The private key of EV certificates is physically mailed to the entity, preventing unauthorized access.
Code signing involves hashing the software code, digitally signing it with a unique private key, and using a timestamp for authenticity. When users download software that has been digitally signed, their operating system or security software can verify the signature and confirm that the code has not been altered or compromised.
EV Code Signing certificates offer several benefits. Firstly, they provide protection against unauthorized access to the private key by storing it on a hardware token. Additionally, EV Code Signing certificates are recognized by Microsoft SmartScreen, a reputation-based filtering system that helps protect users from downloading malicious software. This recognition enhances the reputation and trustworthiness of the software, increasing the likelihood of successful downloads and installations.
Furthermore, EV Code Signing certificates are compatible across platforms, allowing developers to sign their software codes for various operating systems without the need for separate certificates. This simplifies the code signing process and ensures consistent security measures across different platforms.
Despite the added security and benefits, EV Code Signing certificates are often more expensive than Regular Code Signing certificates. However, the cost is justified by the additional security measures and the recognition by Microsoft SmartScreen, which can significantly impact the success of software installations.
In 2023, there will be changes in the issuance and storage of code signing certificates. New and reissued Organization Validated (OV) and Individual Validated (IV) code signing certificates will have to be issued or stored on preconfigured secure hardware devices. These devices, such as network-attached hardware security modules (HSM), cloud HSMs, or USB tokens, offer an extra layer of security for code signing.
USB tokens are the most common option for code signing. They are physical devices that need to be present during the code signing process. However, using USB tokens in virtual build environments can pose challenges, especially when it comes to USB passthrough.
It is important to note that when using EV Code Signing certificates, the hardware token is essential and cannot be bypassed. This ensures the highest level of security for code signing. Organizations must safeguard the hardware token and follow the guidelines provided by the Certificate Authority for secure code signing.
Enhanced Security with EV Code Signing
The EV Code Signing Certificate undergoes a rigorous vetting process and requires the use of a hardware token. This token stores the private key securely and prevents unauthorized access. It also provides additional security features such as Microsoft SmartScreen recognition and compatibility across platforms.
EV SSL Certificates offer the highest level of security assurance for developers’ software codes. These certificates are ideal for applications, device drivers, and executable programs. By undergoing a thorough vetting process, EV Code Signing certificates verify the entity requesting the certificate and provide trust to platforms like Microsoft SmartScreen.
One of the main advantages of EV Code Signing is its compatibility across platforms. It ensures that the signed software is recognized and trusted by different operating systems, browsers, and security software. This compatibility ensures that end-users can download and install the software without encountering warnings or security alerts.
Another key feature of EV Code Signing is its protection against malware downloads and phishing software. By using a hardware token, the private key used for code signing is securely stored and cannot be tampered with. This ensures that the software’s integrity is preserved and prevents unauthorized modifications.
Moreover, EV Code Signing certificates provide a high level of assurance to end-users that the software they are downloading or installing is from a trusted source. The rigorous vetting process ensures that the entity requesting the certificate is legitimate and can be trusted to sign code. This trust helps to build confidence in the software and mitigates the risk of downloading malicious or compromised applications.
In summary, EV Code Signing offers enhanced security, compatibility across platforms, and protection against malware and phishing software. The use of a hardware token ensures the secure storage of the private key, preventing unauthorized access and preserving the authenticity and integrity of the software. By undergoing a stringent vetting process and being recognized by platforms like Microsoft SmartScreen, EV Code Signing certificates provide the highest level of security assurance for developers and end-users alike.
Benefits of Regular Code Signing
On the other hand, the Regular Code Signing Certificate does not require a hardware token and is issued more quickly than the EV certificate. It is better suited for software that has already been launched and allows geographically dispersed developers to make authorized changes to the code.
Regular code signing offers numerous benefits for developers and users alike. It provides a secure environment for software codes, protecting personal information and preventing fraud. Code signing helps users verify the origin and integrity of software, ensuring it hasn’t been tampered with.
There are two types of code signing certificates: regular code signing and extended validation (EV) code signing. While EV code signing requires a hardware token for added security, regular code signing is more accessible and convenient for geographically dispersed developers.
Regular code signing certificates are issued more quickly, allowing developers to sign their software and distribute it promptly. This is particularly important for developers working on post-launch modifications or updates, as it enables them to quickly authorize changes to the code and distribute the updated software to users.
For geographically dispersed developers, regular code signing provides a more flexible solution. With the absence of a hardware token requirement, developers can sign their code from any location without the need for physical devices. This allows for greater collaboration and efficiency in the software development process, ensuring all authorized team members can contribute to the code signing process, regardless of their location.
Regular code signing also offers compatibility across various operating systems and platforms, making it easier for developers to distribute their software to a wide range of users. This ensures that users can trust the authenticity and integrity of the software, regardless of the platform they are using.
While EV code signing offers additional benefits such as protection against malware downloads and recognition by Microsoft SmartScreen, regular code signing remains a valuable option for many developers, especially those who prioritize convenience and flexibility in their code signing process.
Despite the forthcoming changes for code signing certificates in 2023, it should be noted that regular code signing will still play a significant role in the software development process. Its accessibility and suitability for geographically dispersed developers make it an important tool for maintaining trust in the software development process and preventing security breaches.
Comparing EV Code Signing and Regular Code Signing
The main difference between EV Code Signing and Regular Code Signing lies in the level of security and the use of a hardware token. EV Code Signing requires the use of a hardware token, such as an external USB drive, to store the private key. This ensures that the private key is securely stored and limits access to authorized individuals. On the other hand, Regular Code Signing does not provide a separate external drive for the private key, making it more accessible to a wider range of people.
EV Code Signing undergoes a rigorous vetting process, including identity verification and extensive documentation, making it highly trusted by Microsoft SmartScreen. This recognition by Microsoft SmartScreen provides an additional layer of protection against malware and phishing software, giving users more confidence in the authenticity and safety of the signed software.
EV Code Signing is particularly suitable for applications, device drivers, and executable programs that require a high level of security and assurance. It allows users to verify the integrity of the software and assures them of its authenticity.
Regular Code Signing, on the other hand, goes through a less severe vetting process, making it more suitable for software that has already been launched and does not require the same level of scrutiny. It still provides secure authentication for software, allowing users to verify its integrity and authenticity.
Both EV Code Signing and Regular Code Signing are compatible with major platforms, including Windows, Mac, and Linux, ensuring that the signed software can be used across different operating systems. They both offer secure authentication, allowing users to verify that the software has not been tampered with and ensuring its integrity.
However, it is important to note that starting from 2023, all new and reissued publicly trusted code signing certificates will have to be issued or stored on preconfigured secure hardware devices. This change aims to enhance security and prevent certificate theft. This means that even Regular Code Signing certificates will require the use of a hardware token for key storage.
Changes for Code Signing Certificates in 2023
In 2023, there will be a significant change for code signing certificates. New and reissued OV and IV code signing certificates will need to be issued or stored on preconfigured secure hardware, such as network-attached Hardware Security Modules (HSM), cloud HSMs, or USB tokens.
This change is a response to the growing concerns about the security of code signing certificates, fueled by recent supply chain hacks. The need for improved security measures has become crucial to protect against unauthorized access and tampering of software codes.
Currently, the use of hardware tokens and USB tokens is prevalent for code signing certificates. These physical devices provide an additional layer of security by storing the private key offline and limiting access to authorized personnel only.
However, the new requirements for code signing certificates in 2023 pose challenges, particularly for organizations with automated build environments and remote signing processes.
To comply with the new requirements, various hardware options are available. Network-attached Hardware Security Modules (HSM) and cloud HSMs offer secure hardware solutions that can be accessed remotely, providing flexibility for organizations that require remote signing capabilities.
On the other hand, USB tokens are portable and can be easily connected to different machines, making them a convenient choice for organizations with diverse signing environments. These tokens can be inserted into USB ports to secure the code signing process.
Choosing the most suitable hardware device for code signing needs involves considering factors such as cost, configuration, and portability. Organizations must evaluate their specific requirements to ensure they maintain the highest level of security assurance for their code signing operations.
By adopting the new requirements for code signing certificates in 2023 and utilizing secure hardware options like network-attached HSMs, cloud HSMs, or USB tokens, organizations can enhance their software security. They can protect against potential threats and minimize the risk of unauthorized access and tampering of their code, maintaining the integrity and authenticity of their software.
Security Benefits of Hardware Tokens
Using hardware tokens for code signing certificates provides an additional layer of security, as it is more difficult to steal physical devices compared to files. Hardware tokens, typically in the form of external USB drives, serve as secure storage for the private key required for EV (Extended Validation) code signing certificates. This ensures that only authorized individuals have access to the private key, preventing unauthorized use or tampering.
One of the primary advantages of hardware tokens is their physical nature. Unlike digital files, which can be vulnerable to theft or unauthorized access through hacking or malware, hardware tokens offer a tangible and secure solution. The physical presence of the token makes it much harder for attackers to compromise the private key, enhancing the overall security of the code signing process.
Furthermore, the use of hardware tokens adds an extra layer of protection against fraudulent software and phishing attacks. EV code signing certificates are trusted by security filters, such as Microsoft SmartScreen, which are designed to identify and block potentially harmful software. By using a hardware token, the authenticity and integrity of the software being signed can be verified, reducing the risk of users being exposed to malicious or counterfeit applications.
In addition to security benefits, EV code signing certificates with hardware tokens offer compatibility across platforms. This means that software signed with an EV code signing certificate can be trusted and recognized on different operating systems, ensuring a consistent and secure user experience.
Furthermore, EV code signing certificates with hardware tokens can automatically update security measures when there are changes to the software code. This ensures that the signed software remains protected even after updates or modifications, providing ongoing security and peace of mind for organizations and their users.
In conclusion, hardware tokens provide significant security benefits for code signing certificates, particularly for EV code signing. The physical nature of the tokens makes them more secure than digital files, providing an additional layer of protection against unauthorized access and tampering. With the use of hardware tokens, organizations can ensure the authenticity and integrity of their software, protect against fraudulent software and phishing attacks, and maintain compatibility and ongoing security with evolving code. By implementing hardware tokens for code signing, organizations can enhance their software security and protect their valuable user data.
Challenges of Hardware Tokens
Hardware tokens play a crucial role in the security and operation of code signing certificates, particularly in the case of Extended Validation (EV) certificates. These tokens, typically in the form of USB devices, provide an additional layer of security by storing the private key offline and limiting access to authorized individuals. However, it also presents challenges in automated build environments and can be inconvenient for remote or virtual build machines.
One challenge is the potential for loss or damage to the hardware token. If a token is lost or the passcode is forgotten, it can create complications and disruptions in the signing process. To mitigate this risk, organizations must take steps to ensure the physical security of the token and have contingency plans in place in case of loss or damage.
Additionally, the need for hardware tokens can be inconvenient in certain scenarios. For organizations with virtual build environments or colocated servers, accessing and plugging in a physical USB token may not be practical or feasible. This can create logistical challenges and require alternative solutions such as USB passthrough or remote access.
Furthermore, the cost associated with hardware tokens and their maintenance can be a significant challenge for organizations. Hardware devices like network-attached Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) come with a high price tag, making them inaccessible for some businesses. Similarly, cloud-based HSM services can be costly, especially when factoring in monthly fees and per-cryptographic-operation charges.
Lastly, the strict requirements and regulations surrounding hardware tokens can also pose challenges for organizations. Compliance with security standards such as FIPS 140 Level 2 or Common Criteria EAL 4+ may require additional resources and ongoing audits, adding to the overall complexity of maintaining and using hardware tokens.
In conclusion, while hardware tokens are essential for maintaining the security and integrity of code signing certificates, they come with their own set of challenges. Organizations must navigate the potential for loss or damage, address logistical limitations, manage costs, and ensure compliance with industry standards. Despite these challenges, hardware tokens remain a vital component in ensuring the authenticity and trustworthiness of software code.
Exploring Alternative Options
For organizations that prefer not to use a hardware token, it may be beneficial to explore alternative options or workarounds. While the use of a hardware token provides an additional layer of security for EV Code Signing Certificates, there are circumstances where organizations may seek alternatives.
One option to consider is the use of software-based code signing certificates. These certificates can be stored securely on a computer or server, eliminating the need for physical hardware tokens. However, it is important to note that software-based certificates may not provide the same level of security as hardware tokens. Organizations should carefully assess their specific security requirements before opting for this alternative.
Another alternative option is to use cloud-based code signing services. These services allow developers to sign their code using a secure cloud platform, eliminating the need for physical hardware tokens. Cloud-based signing can offer convenience and flexibility, particularly for organizations with remote or virtual build environments. However, it is crucial to ensure that the chosen cloud provider offers robust security measures to protect the signing process.
Alternatively, organizations can also explore the use of network-attached Hardware Security Modules (HSMs). These devices provide secure storage and management of cryptographic keys and can be accessed remotely, providing greater flexibility compared to physical hardware tokens. HSMs offer a high level of security and can be a suitable solution for organizations looking to avoid physical tokens while maintaining strong security measures.
Ultimately, the choice of alternative options or workarounds depends on the specific security needs and preferences of the organization. It is essential to carefully evaluate the available options and consider the potential risks and benefits before making a decision.
Compulsory Hardware Token Use for EV Code Signing
However, it is important to note that the EV Code Signing Certificate specifically requires the use of a hardware token, and it is not possible to sign the code without it. Factual data shows that Compulsory Hardware Token Use for EV Code Signing ensures the highest level of security for software codes.
EV Code Signing Certificates utilize an external hardware token, such as a USB drive, to securely store the private key. This prevents unauthorized access and tampering of the code, safeguarding the authenticity and integrity of the software. By encrypting the private key on the hardware token, it ensures that only authorized individuals can access and use the key for signing the code.
The use of hardware tokens is necessary to meet stringent security requirements and to provide a secure environment for developers. These tokens are designed to protect against various attack vectors, such as malware or unauthorized access. They provide an additional layer of security that cannot be replicated by software-only solutions.
The mandatory usage of hardware tokens for EV Code Signing Certificates is a response to rising concerns about the security of code signing certificates. It aims to strengthen the overall security posture and prevent incidents like the SolarWinds hack. The need for secure hardware is not limited to EV Code Signing Certificates only; Organization Validated (OV) and Individual Validation (IV) code signing certificates will also be required to be issued or stored on preconfigured secure hardware devices that meet specific security standards.
These upcoming changes reflect the industry’s commitment to ensuring the highest level of security for code signing. By enforcing the use of secure hardware, organizations can have greater confidence in the authenticity and integrity of their software. Through these measures, the risk of compromised code signing certificates and subsequent malicious activities can be significantly reduced.
The Importance of Security with EV Code Signing
In conclusion, the use of hardware tokens with EV Code Signing certificates provides a high level of security and is necessary for code signing. EV code signing certificates offer a secure environment for developers to protect their software codes. These certificates help prevent users from downloading unsafe software and falling prey to hackers.
By signing the code with an EV code signing certificate, the software automatically receives Microsoft SmartScreen recognition, providing protection against malware downloads and phishing software.
The private key associated with the EV certificate is stored in a hardware token, ensuring no unauthorized access.
Comparatively, regular code signing certificates, also known as organization validated (OV) code signing certificates, do not use a separate external drive for the private key, making them more accessible to a wider audience.
However, both types of code signing certificates support major platforms and help ensure the authenticity and integrity of the software code.
In 2023, a change in requirements will make it necessary for new and reissued OV and IV code signing certificates to be issued or stored on preconfigured secure hardware devices.
While different types of hardware devices, such as network-attached hardware security modules (HSM), cloud HSMs, and USB tokens, can be used for secure storage of code signing certificates, the use of USB tokens is the most common.
However, it is important to note that once a certificate is installed on a hardware device, its private key cannot be exported, making it challenging to transfer certificates between devices.
Overall, EV code signing with proper security measures is essential for ensuring the trustworthiness and safety of software applications.
Evaluating Security Needs
Organizations should carefully evaluate their security needs and choose the most suitable solution for their code signing requirements. In today’s digital landscape, where online fraud and the prevalence of malicious software pose significant risks, it is essential to prioritize the security of software distribution and protect users from potential threats. Code signing certificates are a crucial component in ensuring the authenticity and integrity of software.
When evaluating security needs, organizations must consider the level of security required for their software and the potential risks associated with unauthorized modifications or tampering. This assessment involves understanding the type of software being developed, its sensitivity, and the potential impact of security breaches.
Extended Validation (EV) Code Signing certificates provide a high level of security by employing hardware tokens and encryption mechanisms. These certificates undergo a rigorous vetting process that involves verifying the legal and physical existence of the organization. EV Code Signing certificates require the use of hardware tokens, which adds an extra layer of protection against unauthorized access and malicious activities. By using a physical device for signing code, EV Code Signing ensures the integrity of the software and helps establish trust with users.
On the other hand, Regular Code Signing certificates have a less severe vetting process and do not require the use of hardware tokens. This makes them more accessible and convenient for geographically dispersed developers working in automated build environments or with remote or virtual build machines. Regular Code Signing certificates are ideal for developers who frequently modify and update their software after its initial release.
However, it’s important to note that starting in 2023, new and reissued OV and IV code signing certificates will also be required to be issued or stored on preconfigured secure hardware devices. These secure hardware devices can include network-attached Hardware Security Modules (HSM), cloud HSMs, or USB tokens. The introduction of these hardware requirements adds an extra layer of security by protecting sensitive cryptographic keys and preventing unauthorized access to signing capabilities. Organizations should carefully evaluate their specific security needs to determine the most suitable code signing certificate and hardware device.
It is essential for organizations to conduct a thorough assessment of their security requirements before choosing a code signing solution. Considerations should include the level of security needed, the development environment, the size of the development team, the geographic distribution of developers, and the software’s lifecycle. By carefully evaluating these factors, organizations can ensure they select the most suitable code signing certificate and hardware device to meet their specific security needs and protect their software and end-users.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the use of hardware tokens with EV Code Signing certificates provides a high level of security and is necessary for code signing. Code Signing certificates, particularly EV Code Signing certificates, play a vital role in preventing users from unknowingly downloading and falling victim to unsafe and fraudulent software.
EV Code Signing certificates undergo rigorous vetting processes and require the use of hardware tokens to protect the private key, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of software. These certificates are trusted by the Microsoft SmartScreen filter, providing an added layer of assurance to users.
Regular Code Signing certificates (OV) are another option, suitable for already launched software. However, starting from 2023, new and reissued OV and IV (Individual Validation) code signing certificates will be required to be issued or stored on preconfigured secure hardware. This change is aimed at enhancing security and preventing incidents such as supply chain hacks.
Implementing hardware-based certificates can present challenges, particularly in automated build environments or for remote or virtual build machines. However, it is an important change to strengthen security measures and protect against unauthorized access or loss of hardware tokens.
Organizations must carefully evaluate their security needs and select the most suitable code signing solution. While hardware tokens provide an additional layer of security, alternative options or workarounds can be explored for those organizations that prefer not to use hardware tokens.
Ultimately, the use of code signing certificates, whether through the EV or Regular approach, is crucial for maintaining software security and ensuring the trustworthiness of applications. By leveraging the appropriate code signing solution and implementing necessary security measures, organizations can safeguard users from potentially malicious software and build a reputation for reliable and secure software development.
FAQ
Q: What are the two types of Code Signing certificates?
A: The two types of Code Signing certificates are Organization Validated Code Signing Certificate (Regular Code Signing) and Extended Validated (EV) Code Signing Certificate.
Q: What is the main difference between EV Code Signing and Regular Code Signing?
A: The main difference lies in the level of security and the use of a hardware token. EV Code Signing offers stronger security measures and requires the use of a hardware token, while Regular Code Signing does not.
Q: What are the benefits of using a hardware token with Code Signing certificates?
A: Hardware tokens provide an additional layer of security as it is more difficult to steal physical devices compared to files. They also prevent unauthorized access to the private key and offer compatibility across platforms.
Q: Will there be any changes for code signing certificates in 2023?
A: Yes, in 2023, new and reissued OV and IV code signing certificates will need to be issued or stored on preconfigured secure hardware, such as network-attached Hardware Security Modules (HSM), cloud HSMs, or USB tokens.
Q: Are there any challenges associated with using hardware tokens for code signing?
A: Yes, challenges include difficulties in automated build environments, inconvenience for remote or virtual build machines, specific client software/drivers requirements, compatibility limitations, and remote access restrictions.
Q: Can organizations explore alternative options to using a hardware token for code signing?
A: Yes, organizations that prefer not to use a hardware token can explore alternative options or workarounds. However, it is important to note that the EV Code Signing Certificate specifically requires the use of a hardware token, and it is not possible to sign the code without it.
Source Links
- https://www.sslpoint.com/eu/code-signing/
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